Dr. Mubarak Ali, renowned historian while delivering his lecture at Institute of Business & Technology (BIZTEK) on different perspectives of Pakistan of 1947 said that after 61 years of partition, now we are in better position to analysis the process of partition. Presently different school of thoughts in India, Pakistan and in Britain are looking at the partition process from different perspectives. Traditionalists are of the opinion that it was due to the efforts of results of British educated Indians, who started the struggle for independence, hence it can be said that partition was the result of the awareness of Indians because of British education system. Another opinion says that India was never a single nation, hence struggle can not be called a nationalist movement. It was a transfer of powers to Indian elites. Another opinion is that elites of India got their independence in result of negotiations and common people did not benefit from this process. Whereas in Pakistan, history has been explained from ‘Two Nations’ perspective and ‘heroism’ has also appeared as a pvitol element.



Dr. Mubarak Ali said that partition was not only a political partition but a Diaspora in real sense. Families were divided, women were raped. An important factor of ‘children’ has been ignored altogether. It is now a big question about the Psychological impacts on the mentalities of children who saw this violence from their own eyes. Extremist emotions were very high among them. He said break down of the social institutions and cultural traditions played a vital role in the political and cultural history of both the countries. He said now historian are bid confused whether Jinnah was really serious about the partition or he wanted to use it as a tool for the safe guard of Muslim rights in India. While clarifying the impression that Nehru’s rejection of cabinet plan became the major cause of partition, he said that congress leadership was very clear in their mind from the beginning. They wanted a strong central system in India following the Russian Communist Model.

Dr. Mubarak also displaced this impression that Pakistan was the result of a democratic struggle. He said that in 1946 election which were considered a referendum for the partition, only 25 percent elite population of Muslims were eligible for voting. Hence, 1946 verdict can not be considered as the true representative of the entire Muslims of India.

Renowned historian, while discussing new perspectives of partition said that it is generally considered that entire population of sub-continent was in favour of independence for British. Whereas, several groups had their own interest and were against the process of transfer of powers from British to Indians. These groups including Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, were opposing it due to fear of Hindus domination. Feudals of both the communists were also got against the independence process as British government had given them huge lands social status. Details and schedule cast Hindus were opposing the independence due to the fear of domination of upper class Hindus. Parses and Sikhs were also not fully on board for independence. Till 1946 in the Muslim majority provinces, Muslim League has not shown any remarkable progress.

Dr. Mubarak Ali while discussing the role of different political parties in the partition process said that generally it is recognized that it was Muslim League & Congress who were responsible for the independence, whereas in fact we deny the role of several other political parties and groups like Bhagat Singh, Shabus Chander Bhous’s Indian National Army who actively participated in creating the atmosphere of awareness for the liberation, 1946’s Indian Navy’s revolt can not be ignored when one of the military group under nationalist feeling revolted against the colonial rule.

Dr. Mubarak Ali said that our lot of current problems are attached to the process of partition until we address these unresolved issues with neutrality and prejudices, we may remain in the feelings of haterdness and fear.